Thesis is devoted to the investigation of changes in lipid metabolism and their regulation under stress and metabolic syndrome - states that increase the risk of atherosclerosis development. The data obtained allowes to suggest that in males hamsters the insulin-resistance development is connected with increasing of fat tissue humoral factors secretion, and in females - with ascending of glucocorticoids secretion. Hypoandrogenia in males and hyperandrogenia at the females changed of estrogen content and impaired the androgen - estrogen balance is that pathobiochemical background, on which educes atherogenic dyslipidemia under obesity and metabolic syndrome. The data obtained allow to conclude, that not only the metabolic syndrome development becomes more probable with age, but on the contrary, the pathogenetic features of a metabolic syndrome provoke hormonal alterations, reference for aging. On the basis of the data, obtained in presemt work, and analysis of the literature ones it has been considered, that the high-caloric diet causes in a male hamsters liver to an activation of VLDL1 formation irrespective of age. It is probably, that one of the causes of triacylglycerol and apoB-containing lipoproteins is accumulation in blood serum of explored animals. Under high-caloric diet the ascending of hepatic lipase activity is observed also, which cause, probably, is decrease of adiponectin secretion by tissue adipose. Therefore we suggested, that under high-caloric diet the hypertriacylglycerolеmia in males educes owing to a prevailing secretion to particles VLDL1 owing to accumulation in hepatocytes TG. We consider, that in a basis of hypertriacylglycerolеmia begining at male hamsters, which was fed by high-caloric diet, lays the lipolysis activation in adipose tissue. It was caused by intensive entering of free fatty acids to a liver, increasing of the endocellular content triacylglycerol in hepatocytes and leads to VLDL1 prevailing secretion. The reason of hypertriacylglycerolеmia development in used male animals in our experiment requirement, probably, is the lipolysis activation in adipose tissue owing to hydrocortisone secretion ascending and adiponectin secretion decrease, that descends on a background of augmentation weights of a body. It has been shown, that both experimental metabolic syndrome, and chronic social stress are accompanied by raising of explored animal body mass, and at a stress the raising of a weight is preceded with its slope. The increasing of body mass is under such circumstances accompanied by insulin-resistance development. In both models were shown 2-phase change in the adipose tissue hormone leptin content: decreasing in early period, and rising - in more later. As the increasing of a leptin level is not accompanied by the arrest of a panel of mass, the development in requirements of the given models leptin-resistance is supposed. Both under experimental metabolic syndrome, and under chronic social stress in a hypothalamus the content of an endogenic cannabinoid receptors ligand - anandamide was increased. Anandamide take part in feeding behavior regulation as orexigenic factor. Thus, the duration hyperphagia at increasing body mass in requirements of used models can be linked to leptin-resistance development and arrest of inhibition by leptin of orexigenic endocannabinoid anandamide degradation. At stressed animals the predominance in early terms of a chronic stress of a lipolysis above a lipogenesis is observed. In more later period of a chronic stress the activation of a lipogenesis is observed also which, alongside with a active lipolysis, can cause a lipidemia. Last phenomenon, apparently, is more characteristic for males, and at females, probably, main source of free fatty acids of a blood is the lipolysis in a liver. Among mechanisms of metabolic syndrome and stress development the important role play not only hyperinsulinemia and insulin-resistance, and other factors, which changes activities of a lipogenesis and lipolysis, disturance of lipoprotein metabolism arise owing to an obesity, activation free-radical oxidation, which gives in lipids redistribution between lipoproteins and their oxidative modifications, and, thus, to absorption with else receptors, than in normal state, and also other factors. Besides on the base of the experimenrs carried out it is possible to approve, that with the purpose of metabolic syndrome and stress negative consequences correction in complex therapy of this pathology it is necessary to include antioxidants, in particular, substances obtained from a Grapes cultural, which have considerable antioxidant properties, and also phytoestrogen and stress-protective activity.
