In the dissertation research on the basis of comparative analysis of world practices of decentralization of public power, similarities and differences in this process in different countries are revealed, the typology of these practices on the basis of the state system is carried out and ways of introduction of the best world experience in decentralization practice in Ukraine are defined.
In unitary states, where there are two levels of government, central and local, the division of powers between public authorities and local authorities is different than in federal states, where there are three levels of government, central, regional and local. However, among the unitary countries there is a significant number of unitary regionalized countries (UN classification), such as Ukraine, where there are also three levels of government. Comparative analysis of this situation is of great importance for understanding the peculiarities of decentralization in Ukraine. Quite different tasks are solved in postcolonial countries, where the process of decentralization depends on the degree of development of the country, on the impact traditions, remnants of tribalism, the way of gaining independence and the influence of former metropolises on political processes in postcolonial countries.
It is established that modern administrative reforms are a tool for building a qualitatively new system of public authorities, the content of which is, on the one hand, a comprehensive restructuring of the current system of governance in all spheres of public life, on the other, building institutions of public administration and self-government be created.
The theoretical and methodological bases of research of decentralization of public power are specified. Based on the analysis of modern scientific approaches to the study of decentralization of public power in different countries, it is concluded that generally accepted understandings of concepts and categories can serve as a protective barrier against contradictions and misunderstandings in Ukrainian society and the scientific community. . The formation of a system of concepts and categories that meets world scientific standards is the key to a qualitative comparative analysis of world practices of decentralization of public power in the world.
The role of the best world practices of decentralization of power for Ukraine is determined. Cooperation of Ukraine with foreign institutions, programs, foundations, in particular the United Nations, plays a significant role in promoting this experience in Ukraine. Its documents form a certain methodological basis, based on the analysis of the practice of decentralization of public power in countries of different continents, in the implementation of local government reforms. This is a huge array of information for any state entering this path. The most important areas of cooperation are such as promoting the experience of inter-municipal cooperation in the world, providing legal assistance in drafting national legislation, staff training, organization of OTG, forms of their interaction with the executive, financial management of local communities and many others. International donor projects not only accelerate the movement of Ukrainian communities to European standards, form a strong civil society, but also help to improve public life in Ukraine step by step through direct technical assistance.
A fundamentally new type of partnership and a variety of intersectorial cooperation, cooperation in the form of a cluster, which is a system of interconnected enterprises, suppliers, research institutions, consumers, authorities and other entities cooperating to achieve competitiveness at local, regional and at the state level. This form of cooperation of territorial communities’ best meets the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals as it offers an innovative approach to the organization of partnerships in the system of territorial development. The application of the cluster approach in the organization of cooperation of territorial communities will allow introducing a new sectorial form of cooperation of territorial communities, which will provide more integrated activities in a particular area of cooperation.
Based on the study, certain measures are proposed to further improve the process of decentralization of public power in Ukraine, in particular to replenish the legal framework for further development of territorial communities, legal regulation of the institution of village elders, settlements, regulation of joint property of territorial communities. Mechanisms for monitoring the legality of decisions of local governments and the quality of administrative and social services are proposed.
